Chapter 12 Outline Free Essays

Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism I. Identifications 1. Rush-Bagot Agreement: 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 12 Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second Bank of the United States: 3. Adams-Onis Treaty: 4. Panic of 1819: 5. Tallmadge Amendment: 6. Missouri Compromise: 7. John Marshall: 8. Monroe Doctrine: II. Guided Reading Questions On to Canada over Land and Lakes 1. Why was the United States Navy able to have success in the fight for Canada? Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended 2. How did Andrew Jackson achieve some measure of retribution in New Orleans for the British actions in Washington? The Treaty of Ghent 3. Was the Treaty of Ghent advantageous to the United States? Explain. Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention 4. Despite an upsurge in patriotism elsewhere, what did some New England Federalists propose at the Hartford Convention, and what was the ultimate impact of the Hartford Resolutions on the Federalists? The Second War for American Independence 5. What were the long term effects of the War of 1812? Nascent Nationalism 6. What evidence of nationalism surfaced after the War of 1812? â€Å"The American System† 7. In what ways could nationalism be seen in the politics and economics of the post-war years? The So-Called Era of Good Feelings 8. To what extent was James Monroe’s presidency an Era of Good Feelings? The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times 9. Explain the causes and effects of the Panic of 1819. Growing Pains of the West 10. What factors led to the settlement of the West in the years following the War? Slavery and the Sectional Balance 1. Why was Missouri’s request for statehood so explosive? The Uneasy Missouri Compromise 12. â€Å"Neither the North nor South was acutely displeased, although neither was completely happy. † Explain. John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism 13. Explain Marshall’s statement, Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consistent with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are constitutional. Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses 14. â€Å"John Marshall was the most important Federalist since George Washington. † Assess. Monroe and His Doctrine 15. How could a militarily-weak nation like the United States make such a bold statement ordering European nations to stay out of the Americas? Monroe’s Doctrine Appraised 16. Evaluate the importance of the Monroe Doctrine in subsequent American history. How to cite Chapter 12 Outline, Papers

Alejandro quiroz free essay sample

How have the performances of Baroque music changed (in terms of tempo, balance and timbre) from the Baroque period to today? When compared to classical performances, modern performances of Baroque music typically use a slower tempt, a similar balance (although recording studios can disrupt the natural balance sometimes, by pushing the harpsichord Into the background) and a flatter timbre due to the instruments used in modern times 4. What is a Baroque spirit when playing music? Baroque spirit expresses enthusiasm. At the bottom of the page that discusses Baroque music performance, there are some examples of music that you can listen to. These examples often use different Instruments than we are used to hearing today. What are some of these Instruments? How Is the sound of the music different than what we might hear today? They use instruments such as harpsichords, lots of violins, and clavichord. People today still sometimes use violins but the beats and instruments sound very different then what we hear today. We will write a custom essay sample on Alejandro quiroz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6. Who was Archangel Cornell? What are some of his contributions to classical music?Cornell was an Italian violinist and composer, Cornell initially he started studying music under a priest in the nearby town of Fanned, and then In Logo. The style of execution was Introduced by Cornell, which Is Important for violin playing. As the time passed Cornell became a iconic point of reference for other violinist. 7. Who was Gottfried Silverman? Silverman and Bach were contemporaries and both of them worked together as colleagues and friends, both of them shared an interest and advanced knowledge of acoustics as applied to the voicing and location of organs. In their later years they would work again on the escapement mechanism for first perceptions, Silverman would receive the title of honorary court and state organ builder to the king of Poland instruments is their distinctive sound. 3. After listening to some of the music samples, how would you describe Baroque music to someone who had not heard it before? Choose at least one piece of music to discuss in detail. What instruments do you think the work uses? Who composed the Nor? What does the work sound like?

The Little-Known Secrets to Current Controversial Essay Topics

The Little-Known Secrets to Current Controversial Essay Topics It's possible for you to restate your argument, which is quite a common practice amongst essayists. If you decided to compose an essay about abortion, opt for an approach with a substantial body of research to back up your stance. It's simple to find tons of sources and to create a strong argument to back up your opinion. In a controversial essay you can't be too judgmental, rather you must give to the point info and offer concrete arguments to show your view. As you will call for enough suggestions and points to present this kind of essay you're able to gauge which points will be important and which ones aren't. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points which you can counter to your own points. The 50 titles we've listed are only the tip of the iceberg all you need to do is be creative and think beyond the box. Finding the most suitable arguments will allow you to prove your point and win. Make sure you have gone through different resources which give you the chance to come across various arguments and views. To be fair, however, you will find that one of the very first things you have to do is become a specialist on the matter. There are several topics in which you may give in your opinion. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to pick a great topic for their assignment. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. As they talk about the issue, they will be able to help each other further understand the arguments posed by each side. To write an excellent argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stance. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will permit you to select your own. Every student should learn a minumum of one foreign language when completing education. Normally, the teachers or professors assign the topics independently. The instance is India that is democracy not republic. There are quite a lot of criteria for selecting a winning topic for a deb ate, but even when you truly feel like choosing the most appropriate topic is a good deal of hard work, try to remember that it will surely pay off. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most crucial matter to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. The second thing that you ought to take care of once you choose the title is to maintain in mind five varieties of argument claims. While the process itself isn't simple, the actual challenge starts even before you start writing. The success of your essay is in the suitable selection of the topic. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you have to know that writing an essay is a complicated process. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. On the flip side, if you select a controversial topic you have very little interest in, you'll find it quite tough to finish the assignment. Don't be worried if you don't have good writing skills because you always need to employ an expert to finish your assignment punctually. Tell me about the most fascinating person that you've ever met.

Topics to Write a Comparison Essay About

Topics to Write a Comparison Essay AboutThere are plenty of topics to write a comparison essay about. You can turn your own life into a topic, or you can use the theme of another person's life. It is important to ensure that the information you are using in your essay is completely accurate. It also helps to write from the perspective of the person you are writing about.When people read your essay, it is important to ensure that the opinion and perspectives of the writer are honest. No one wants to read an essay where the opinions of the writer and the author are not respected. The essay should be written in a style that attracts the reader and makes them want to read more.If you are not sure how to begin, you should select an essay that has already been written. Consider topics that have been covered before. An example of this would be the essay, 'The facts about the facts.' These types of essays are a great way to get ideas for writing a comparison essay.The essay can also be based on facts that have already been covered in material. This is typically done in a class. Since so many people read the same material, you can find a similar topic and write an essay about that as well. It is much easier to approach these topics since the knowledge of the topic is already out there.One way to make sure that you use the information from your sources correctly is to make sure that your sources are only facts that you are comfortable with. If you do not feel comfortable with the facts that you used, then you should not use those facts in your essay. As a result, you will likely have the essay fall apart.The data that you choose should reflect the current situation. For example, if you are writing about a government project, you may want to include current projects. However, you should make sure that you do not include projects that have already been handled.When writing an essay, it is very important to ensure that the information is accurate. You want to make sure that all of the facts are correct. No one wants to read an essay where the opinions of the writer and the author are not respected. The essay should be written in a style that attracts the reader and makes them want to read more.Remember that if you are writing an essay, it is important to make sure that the information that you are using is correct. If you do not feel comfortable with the facts that you used, then you should not use those facts in your essay. As a result, you will likely have the essay fall apart. The topics to write a comparison essay about are many, but you will need to make sure that you use them correctly.

Essay Writing Tools - How to Create a Powerful Essay

Essay Writing Tools - How to Create a Powerful EssayHave you ever tried to write a powerful essay but ended up with a piece of crap that ends up embarrassing yourself and your whole class? If so, you are definitely not alone, and this is why the creation of one of the best Essay Writing Tools that is available online can make a huge difference in helping you become a better writer.Writing a powerful essay is the hardest thing in the world for most people. There are certain ways to write essays that help to be more effective in delivering what the reader is looking for. This article will be focusing on how to create a powerful essay and use it to improve your grade or in other words to be remembered as an important student.First you must understand that when it comes to writing essays, everything must be powerful in order to be successful. The ability to deliver information in a way that will make the reader want to go back and read it again is the best way to show others how good of a writer you are.To begin with, you should start by thinking about what the essay is about. For example, if you were writing an essay on a subject like health then you would want to start by considering what it is that the reader is looking for in order to have him/her do research on the topic. What would be the best way to answer their questions or get to the point? Writing a persuasive essay that keeps the reader's interest and getting to the point is what we call a persuasive essay.The next step is to use a power word. Power words are important because they keep your words and sentences straight and direct. They will also show others that you know what you are talking about and that you are the person they are looking for. If you use a power word in your essay, you will be able to show the reader that you know what you are talking about and you will be able to convince them to give you a good grade for your assignment. As you are learning to write a powerful essay, you must also use the idea of reference. This is the perfect way to keep the reader's attention and keep it engaged throughout the essay. This is also known as linking, which is the best way to communicate your idea and ask the reader to think about your ideas.When it comes to the creation of a powerful essay, there are two different ways to approach it. You could either start off by thinking about what the essay is about and what the needs of the reader are, and then create a powerful essay. Or you could decide that you want to use a persuasive essay in order to improve your grade, then you need to come up with a powerful essay that will get the reader's attention and keep them reading throughout.

Essay Topics on Gender Discrimination - Help You Argue Your Point of View

Essay Topics on Gender Discrimination - Help You Argue Your Point of ViewThere are many different essay topics on gender discrimination that you can use to express your personal experience with the issue. However, you must take care when writing to avoid any confusion with regard to the topic. It is better to use a less controversial subject matter when writing an essay.One of the more controversial issues surrounding the debate over women's issue in the workplace has been over the question of paternity leave. Most employers have adopted an official policy of providing time off for the father of the child. This is based on the assumption that fathers who are unable to take care of their children will be more likely to leave the home. In many cases, fathers who are already with the family have been asked to take this time off.Men have been openly discriminated against in the work place and this discrimination is based on the belief that they do not want to take the time off. In fact, a very large number of men take a few weeks to focus on the business and family, but then return to the workforce and their job and receive the same pay as they did before the period of time off. These fathers are still discriminated against by their employer, and even though the gender is unimportant, many employers have a policy of allowing only the male employee to take paternity leave, and a much smaller percentage of companies offer paternity leave to either the mother or the father.One of the most common topics to include in an essay on gender discrimination is the parental leave. The regulations regarding paternity leave vary from state to state, but the general rule is that if the father is able to provide childcare, then he should be given the option of taking time off. Even in states that require a 30-day mandatory leave, many employers will follow this policy and offer it only to the father, regardless of whether or not he is the biological father.Some studies have shown that the effect of gender discrimination is felt most strongly among mothers, but this may be a factor that depends on how the government establishes its definition of discrimination. Although the salary differences between the two sexes are much greater in the US than in many other countries, there are still some basic differences in pay between the genders. The wage gap could apply to all employees, but the pay gap could apply to employees in the same field, so the wage gap is almost always smaller in a job that is directly related to the one where the person has been discriminated against.Take time out to appreciate simple things that you take for granted. It could be as simple as having a woman co-worker who was raised by her grandmother, or as simple as making time to attend to small chores at home. If you remember to enjoy these small things, you will be more likely to put more effort into the work that you do every day.Essay topics on gender discrimination do not have to be o vertly controversial. It is a matter of ensuring that you express your thoughts freely and without fear of criticism.

The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka Essay Example

The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka Essay The USA Patriot Act of 2001 is a controversial public policy, which greatly undermines the civil liberties and constitutional freedom of the American people. This essay will moved from an overview of the USA Patriot Act to a review of the critical literature regarding the importance of the Act to the safety of Americans and shows how the Act violates the civil rights and liberties of citizens and noncitizens alike. After presenting sufficient evidence that the Patriot Act violates many of the basic principles that have been articulated in the U. S. Constitution, particularly within the Bill of Rights, I will, propose recommendations that if implemented scrupulously could help to restore American confidence in governments determination to continue functioning as the protector of civil liberties and rights. In the wake of the worst terrorist attacks in U. S. history on September 11, 2001, just six weeks later with little Congressional resistance or analysis; the U. S. Congress passed into law the USA Patriot Act. The Patriot Act titled â€Å"Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism† granted an unprecedented and vast power to federal investigative services, which greatly undermines the civil liberties and constitutional freedom of the American people. The main objective of the Patriot Act is to deter and punish terrorist acts in the U. S. and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes, (Act, 2001, p. 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite this purpose, the Act represents both good and bad points with respect to fighting terrorism and negative consequences on the civil liberties of U. S. citizens. For the most part, I believe the USA Patriot Act does little to combat terrorism and represents a threat to the liberties of the American people. There is no denying that the hastily passed Patriot Act does have provisions and measures that help the U. S. Government expand its surveillance of suspected terrorists and their activities. For example, Section 101Establishes a new counter terrorism fund without fiscal year limitation and of unnamed amount, to be administered by the Justice Department for its own use. Section 103Re-invigorates the Justice Departments Technical Support Center (established by the Anti Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996) and gives it $200 million for each of the next three years, 2002 through 2004. Section 105: Establishes a national network of electronic crimes task forces o be set up by the Secret Service throughout the country to prevent, detect, and investigate various electronic crimes including potential terrorist attacks against critical infrastructures and financial payment systemswhich can mean a wide variety of computer crimes. (Michaels Van Bergen, 2002). Moreover, section 203 of the Act combined forces of domestic law enforcement and foreign intelligence, previously separate collection operations on separate tracks, (Podesta, 2002, p. ). Furthermore, the Act pro vides U. S. authorities with expanded powers to freeze suspected terrorist assets in foreign countries and increases their ability to gain access to offshore banking records. The Act amended what is known as the Bank Secrecy Act. The funding of terrorism is a criminal offense and those who fund terrorists are often able to conceal their activities. The Act is good in resolving this issue, as Section 312-319 stipulate as follows: (1) sets a 120-hour deadline for financial institutions to respond to certain information requests by federal investigators involving wide range of accounts; (2) creates new forfeiture provisions for those charged or convicted of certain terrorist crimes especially including money laundering, setting forfeiture authorities virtually unheard of in federal law to this point, and (3) permits access by federal investigators of records of certain correspondent accounts with foreign banks. (Michaels Van Bergen, 2002). To facilitate the job of the Justice department and other federal agencies involved in this counter terrorism mission, the Act makes it mandatory upon banks and domestic financial entities a new minimal and enhanced due diligence requirements on certain accounts, as a way of revealing possible use of accounts for terrorist financing. In addition, Section 412 of the Act provides for mandatory detention of suspected aliens, lists seven bases for such detention, allows a person to be held for seven days without any charge, permits possible indefinite detention for aliens deemed not removable, and ensures limited court review. Despite these and other positive aspects of the Act, which do, indeed, help U. S. officials combat terrorists and their activities, many other provisions violate civil liberties, the U. S. Constitution, and jeopardize the privacy of U. S. citizens without recourse for challenge. The arrest of suspected terrorists or their sympathizers has seen the arrest and detention of many Americans without due process of law. Basic rights of privacy have been eroded by the Act, including expanded search and seizure and surveillance laws. Responding to the Patriot Act, groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) (Congress takes aim, 2003) have filed legal challenges to the Act and have worked to lobby members of Congress to reconsider many of its provisions. The ACLU has argued that measures contained in the Act such as the right to obtain so-called sneak and peak warrants under a low evidentiary standard are direct violations of the intent and principle of Fourth Amendment protections. The Fourth Amendment was designed to protect the public against unreasonable searches and seizures. Consequently, law enforcement officials have until passage of the Patriot Act have needed to present a reasonably strong case to a court in order to obtain a warrant to enter a private home or business, confiscate certain types of property, or eavesdrop electronically on private conversations and communications. An ACLU spokesperson maintains that the Act represents an overnight revision of the nations surveillance laws that vastly expanded the governments authority to spy on its own citizens, while simultaneously reducing checks and balances on those powers like judicial oversight, public accountability, and the ability to challenge government searches in court, (Surveillance, 2005, p. 3). From arrests without evidence to random search and seizure, the Act represents a potential danger to the rights and civil liberties of the American people much more than it helps as a practical tool in combating terrorism. Consequently, cities across the United States, according to Schabner (2003), have begun to revolt against provisions of the Act, saying that it gives law enforcement too much power and threatens civil rights. In Massachusetts, the cities of Cambridge, Northampton, and Amherst and the township of Leveret have passed resolutions characterizing the Act as a threat to the civil rights of community residents. Berkeley California and Ann Arbor Michigan have also adopted such resolutions, while police in Portland and Oregon have refused to cooperate with the FBI on investigations of Middle Eastern students in their city. Schabner (2003) states that these resolutions and actions may be largely symbolic in that local governments or agencies have no authority to compel federal law enforcement to comply. Many Americans and units of government are concerned that the Act goes too far. For example, libraries, workplaces, private homes, schools, and other institutions which have e-mail services available to the public or a PC owner are vulnerable to surveillance by federal agencies (Sanders, 2003). The legislation enables the FBI to require libraries and other institutions to turn over data on individual activity, including book purchases and library check-outs, e-mail traffic, and so forth all without a showing of probable cause. The problem, says Robert Levy (2003) of the Cato institute, is that while the rationale for the Act and expanded investigative powers is that national security is at stake, the provisions of the Act are already being employed in matters that have little to do with terrorism or anti-terrorism investigations. Nancy Talanian (2002), a spokesperson for the Bill of Rights Defense Committee, identified the effects of the Patriot Act with respect to specific Amendments contained in the Bill of Rights. It is with respect to these basic civil liberties and protected rights that the policies changed by the Act will have the most impact. Earlier in this report, an overview of Fourth Amendment effects was offered, but Talanian (2002) pointed out that the Patriot Act also affects the First Amendment, Fifth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, and Eighth Amendment. The First Amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, infringing on the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. (Talanian, 2002, p. 2). As elucidated elsewhere in this paper, the Patriot Act is a complete violation of the First Amendment. The Fifth Amendment reads no person shall be held to answer for a crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law (Talanian, 2002, p. 7). The Patriot Act removes the requirement of obtaining judicial permission before listening in on conversations between prisoners and their attorneys, thus forcing prisoners to effectively be a witness against himself or herself. The Act establishes trials by a military tribunal at the discretion of the president for noncitizens, denying due process of law and permitting secret evidence and hearsay to be used against the accused. Talanian (2002) contends that the Fifth Amendment is impacted because the Patriot Act allows a committee composed of the Attorney General, the Secretary of Defense, and the CIA Director to label citizens and on citizens as enemy combatants placing them in military custody, holding them indefinitely, interrogating them, and denying them communication with outsiders or judicial review. Further, the FBI gains the ability to monitor and survey religious groups and political groups without evidence of wrongdoing, potentially compelling an unsuspecting participant in such gatherings to be a witness against himself. Finally, the broad powers given to the Attorney General to certify immigrants as risks deprives immigrants of liberty without due process of law. The effects of the Patriot Act on the Sixth Amendment are also significant. The Sixth Amendment establishes the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the state and district where a crime is alleged to have occurred; the right to be informed of the nature and cause of an accusation; the right to be confronted with witnesses, and the right to have compulsory process for obtaining defense witnesses and the assistance of counsel in constructing a defense (Talanian, 2002). Under the Patriot Act, each of these rights are suspended. Similarly, the Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and the infliction of cruel and unusual punishment. As Talanian (2002) has commented, Section 412 of the Patriot Act gives the Attorney General broad powers related to mandatory detention of suspected terrorists and suspension of habeas corpus and judicial review. This has the potential to result in the cruel and unusual punishment of deportation. Taken together, Talanian (2002) asserts that each of these attacks on civil liberties and rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights creates a situation in which the Executive Branch enjoys excessively broad discretionary powers. As public policy, therefore, what the Patriot Act does is that it effectively undermines the fundamental tenets of the American democratic system. With the possible exception of some critics, there are few in the United States today in and out of government who do not believe that terrorism continues to present a very real threat to national security or that government has both the obligation and the responsibility to take affirmative action to protect the security of the nation and its citizens. However, allocating virtually unlimited powers to the Executive Branch, with the potential to permit dilution of the rights and liberties guaranteed by and enshrined in the Constitution, is not appropriate and may well be extremely threatening to the American democratic system. Consequently, alternative policies must be examined. Among these alternative policies is the elimination of the provisions within the Patriot Act that seek to reduce the oversight authority of courts with respect to all types of surveillance. Schabner (2003) intimated this abuse of power is not necessarily out of any deliberate attempt to diminish civil liberties but rather in an overzealous effort to identify potential terrorists or other criminals. By requiring that federal investigative agencies follow standardized procedure for obtaining court warrants for surveillance activities and showing probable cause; greater attention to the right of individuals to be free from excessive searches and seizures will be established and guaranteed. A second policy initiative is the creation of a Congressional task force or oversight committee that works directly with the coalition of federal investigative agencies headed by the Department of Justice. Creating a mechanism for Congressional involvement in the activities of these task forces will help to restore the balance of power within the government as provided for by the Constitution. Michaels and Van Bergen (2002) believe that creating coalitions of this type will help to render the entire process of combating terrorism more transparent. Transparency will also introduce new elements of accountability and help to prevent any Executive Branch abuses of new powers. To maintain the provisions of FIS and to ensure equality between the various organs of government, section 218 of the Patriot Act should be eliminated. Under FISA, a specifically created federal court must approve electronic surveillance of citizens and resident aliens believed to be acting on behalf of a foreign power (Levy, 2003). Under FISA, approval for a warrant is lower than probable cause but higher than other standards. Finally, the Patriot Act must have the provisions regarding Executive Branch powers of detention removed. Under Section 412 of the Act, noncitizen suspects linked to possible terrorist activities can be held without counsel for seven days. The Act effectively allows expanded detention simply by permitting a detainee to be charged with a technical violation (Van Bergen, 2002, 2002 b, 2002c, 2002d). Levy (2003) contends that more than 1,000 detainees to date may have been denied access to their attorneys under this section of the Act. The USA Patriot Act does little to ombat terrorism and represents a threat to the liberties of the American people. Since the passage of the USA Patriot Act, there have been numerous terrorist attacks around the world. The worst terrorist attack after 911 was the Fort Hood killings right here in the U. S. While legislation like the Patriot Act is required to help provide authorities with the tools they need to combat terrorism, such legislation must endur e lengthy congressional review, public debate, and stop at the place where U. S. citizens rights and civil liberties begin. If not, we risk creating a government whose ultimate power may represent more of a threat to the American people than any terrorist group. This essay has moved from an overview of the USA Patriot Act to a review of the critical literature regarding the importance of the Act in relations to the potential of the Act to lead directly to violations of the civil rights and liberties of citizens and noncitizens alike. The unintended and intended public policy consequences of the Act have been analyzed, along with recommendations for perfection of the Act. As a type of public policy, there appears to be sufficient evidence that the Patriot Act violates many of the basic principles that have been articulated in the U. S. Constitution, particularly within the Bill of Rights. Because this is the case, it is now important to reconsider whether or not the Patriot Act should be allowed, modified or to remain in place. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is the leading organization calling for fundamental changes in the Patriot Act. The policy recommendations presented above address the fundamental changes to Americans legal rights that are contained in this Act. Schabner (2003b) has suggested that these types of changes to the procedures outlined or permitted in the Patriot Act can help to restore American confidence in governments determination to continue functioning as the protector of civil liberties and rights.