Setting plays a crucial role in both of these stories. Discuss the Essay

Setting plays a crucial role in both of these stories. Discuss the importance of setting and how it contributes to the stories plots and resolutions - Essay Example the fifth or sixth month of his seclusion, and while the pestilence raged most furiously abroad, that the Prince Prospero entertained his thousand friends at a masked ball of the most unusual magnificence†(Poe, 251). This is a significant contrast of events occurring simultaneously, a deadly disease and a magnificent ball. The story essentially follows Prince Prospero from his seclusion to the time of his marvelous masquerade at his abbey. It is within his abbey that Prince Prospero desperately tries to hide himself from the horrible â€Å"red death†, but is eventually victim to death at his very own masquerade within his abbey. This is ultimately a setting of hiding and a contrast between reality and human disillusionment. Despite his efforts to avoid the â€Å"red death†, Prince Prospero succumbs to inevitable fate within the very bungalow that he used as a hiding place from a would be death. Ultimately, the setting of this piece is a grand disillusionment on the part of the Prince. In the piece written by Susan Glaspell, Trifles, the reader finds a more elemental setting. This piece introduces itself within the kitchen of a now abandoned farmhouse. This is of course the farmhouse kitchen of the Wright’s, and a very unkempt kitchen at that. This is a clue to the chaos of the situation that plays out within the piece, â€Å"The kitchen in the now abandoned farmhouse of John Wright, a gloomy kitchen, and left without having been put in order - the walls covered with a faded wallpaper†(Glaspell, 1290). The setting that the reader finds in Trifles is more realistic and conducive to the plot than that of the setting of The Masque of the Red Death. Trifles is an illustration of a woman pushed entirely too far and too long by her husband. Finally, she murders her husband and naturally, the kitchen is a mess. The entirety of the piece takes place within the home of the Wrights, a simple farmhouse showing signs of a tremulous marriage at best. The clichà ©

Future of Human Factors in Aviation (capstone paper) Thesis

Future of Human Factors in Aviation (capstone paper) - Thesis Example Human factors are the major contributors in accidents associated with aviation industry (Helmreich, 2000). Flight Standards (AFS) Human Factors Specialists’ primary activities include: â€Å"Develop and update FAA regulations, policy, and guidance about human factors issues for aircraft operations and procedures, aircraft maintenance, pilot training, and other functions; Support projects that involve human factors assessments of aircraft operations, procedures, and maintenance; Develop tools to assist the FAA Flight Standards Service; Sponsor and supervise human factors research to support Flight Standards† (FAA, n. d.). FAA and NASA have spent a huge amount of R&D budget in understanding these factors. In an attempt to determine the path for future development in the field of human factors and aviation industry, a thorough investigation was carried out with the help of secondary sources that included books, research articles, and official report. With various technolog ical developments the influence of human factor in aviation has been mitigated to some extent, however, there is still a room for improvement. The need at the moment is to develop error tolerant systems, that not only monitors human factors, but also use automation to an extent where equipment become task centered as well as human centered. Aviation industry is one of the most prosperous industries. The expected annual growth of the industry is around five percent. The number of people utilizing these services continues to increase as well. With such a large customer base, it is tough to maintain standards in performance. Moreover, the slightest of errors may end up in causing loss of millions and affecting several hundred lives at the same time. Safety and efficiency of operations are the two most vital components. These components rely directly on organizations and their crew members. Despite, the advances in technology, it

Re-Crystallization of Boric Acid

Re-Crystallization of Boric Acid The purpose to conduct this lab is recrystallization of solid and then identify the effect on solids purity and yield. Part A: Reactions Table 1. quantitative and qualitative observations of reactions to form boric acid. Mass of borax (g) 10.0558g Appearance of borax White powder Time for solubility of borax (min) 5min Time for boric acid crystals to form (min) 12min Part B: Filtration Table 2. mass of watch glass and filter paper, mass of watch glass, filter paper and wet crystals from filtration and qualitative observations of crystals after filtration. Mass of watch glass1 an filter paper1(g) 33.3364g Mass of wet crystals, watch glass 1,filter paper from filtration(g) 44.6083g Appearance of crystals after filtration Soft, white solid formation. Part C: Re-crystallization Table 3. mass of watch glass and filter paper, mass of watch glass, filter paper ad wet crystals from recrystallization, and qualitative observations of crystals after recrystallization Mass of watch glass2 and filter paper2(g) 25.2834g Mass of watch glass2 ,filter paper2 and recrystallization (g) 28.0524g Appearance of crystals after recrystallization White shiny crystal in solid. Part D: Purity test Table 4.   qualitative observations for the purity test of crystals collected after filtration and recrystallization Observations of test tube 1, containing crystals after filtration, upon reacting with AgNO3 Observations of test tube 2, containing crystals after recrystallization, upon reacting with AgNO3 White precipitates formed cl are present , AgCl formed. Solution is clear, Cl are not present. Table 5. mass of watch glass, filter paper and crystals, and qualitative observations of crystals, after recrystallization and drying. Mass of watch glass 2 + filter paper2+dried crystals from recrystallization (g) 27.4848g Appearance of crystals White solid formation ,shining in appearance . Calculate the wet mass of crystals after the filtration and the recrystallization, and dry mass of crystals after the recrystallization. summarize your results on ONE table (you should have 3 masses recorded in this table) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction to produce boric acid. Determine which reactants the limiting reagent. Show all of your work. Calculate the theoretical yield of boric acid. show all your work. Calculate the yield of boric acid based on the dry mass of the crystals. Calculate the solubility of boric acid in the water at 250C and 800C using the equations of the best-fit curves that are found in figure 3-2. Explain Why water was an appropriate solvent to use for recrystallization in this lab. Explain the differences observed in the appearance of the crystals after filtration compared to the crystals after recrystallization a) Explain how the purity test is used in this lab to determine the purity of the product (include a balanced chemical equation in your answer). b) based on your observations, are the crystals that you collected following recrystallization  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pure? Explain your answer. Other than performing the purity test that was performed in this experiment, explain two other methods that can be used to determine the purity of a product. Discuss the percent yield result. Fully explain two reasons (sources of error) for the loss of product during the experiment, including the specific step at which product was lost. Also explain how each of the losses can be minimized. If you recrystallized the crystals again, what would you expect to happen? Explain your answer. If during crystallization the solute fails to crystallize, what can be done to include the crystals to form? Explain two ways to induce crystal formation.

thieves :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was nothing particularly special or interesting about the house (besides the fact that it was two-hundred and fifty years old), but after many weeks of deliberating I decided to go for it. It was a warm spring evening, and the moon was beginning to come out. I made my way around the side of the house and all the way to the tree beneath the window which would lead me in. Like a snake, a slithered my way up the tree. To my delight I found the window wide open. I put one foot in and then the next, until I was completely inside the bedroom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I took out my flashlight and fumbled through the room; in fact, I was looking for the light switch. I turned the light on and looked around the room. It looked like â€Å"The Bombay Company† had come and decorated the place. To the left of the door right next to the closet was a glass rack full of every perfume imaginable, and beneath that was a circular table full of exported lotions. No wonder the room smelled so good; it was a shrine to â€Å"Bath and Body Works†. I first went to the closet. Behind the massive waves of clothing I found countless boxes of shoes, but it wasn’t what I was looking for. I proceeded to search all the drawers, but all I found was hoards of makeup, nail polish, and one whole drawer dedicated to shampoos. I thought to myself â€Å" What's wrong with this girl? Why does she have so much of everything? What is she saving away all this stuff for, in case the malls of America burn down?† I started jumping up and down on her bed in an attempt to see what was on top of the bookshelf, but there was still no sight of what I was looking for. I plopped down on her bed; it was very soft. I lay my head down on her pillow and inhaled the sweet scent of â€Å"she†. It was a mix of â€Å" Pear-berry†, â€Å"Pantene Pro V’†, with a hint of â€Å"Angel†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"So this is where she sleeps every night!† I exclaimed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I heard a noise outside and fell of the bed. I was relieved to find that it was only a passing car; undoubtedly, I needed to work quick. I rolled over and to my disbelief there it was! Between her mattress and the headboard was the one thing I have always wanted.

The population of humans, on earth, has always been dependant on the availability of resources

The population of humans, on earth, has always been dependant on the availability of resources. We are not in equilibrium with the ecosystems and once these resources run out, so will our time on earth. These models try to explain how long we have left, and why this is the case. The main reason that these models are only valuable for explaining the ‘past', and not predicting the ‘future' is that there are to many variables, such as war and famine, that they do not take into account. The models all show a pattern that keeps repeating, in the case of Malthus, the population is limited by ‘food supply'. But this isn't always the case, as explained by Esther Boserup's model, which explains that ‘nature is the mother of invention'. This means that the population increases, and may exceed the food supply, but then inventions and technological advances create ways to accommodate this problem. The ‘Club of Rome' model, which explains Malthusian principles, also takes into consideration resources, such as water. This model illustrates that the population will increase and the amount of resources will decrease. Population will exceed the resources and continue to increase for some time, and then it will decrease very dramatically. Read this Ch. 22 Respiratory System Unfortunately, these models cannot predict extreme circumstances, such as war and famine. These events play a huge part in population growth, as did the events of World War II, after which there was a large ‘baby-boom' and the population of UK increased dramatically. War can also alter population the other way. A country's population could also decrease due to war, by refugees moving out, and also the loss inhabitants in combat. Famine also causes emigration to other, more prosperous countries, but also leads to a decrease in population due to death rates increasing. These type of events are impossible to predict, but still play a huge part in the way population stands against the resources available. The development of LEDCs has also not been taken into account by Malthus' and Club of Rome's models. Boserup, on the other hand, for foresaw these actions, to an extent as she explained that when the population starts overwhelming the natural resources, we find methods to revert the situation (i.e. development). With LEDCs developing populations will stop increasing so dramatically which will release the strain on our resources. With the introduction of contraception to LEDCs, the birth rates are starting to decrease, and this means that there will be less people requiring the valuable resources, such as water. Malthus and Club of Rome also missed the concept of rapid development. For example, the Industrial Revolution in the 17th and 18th century, had a huge impact on the amount of resources available, which is yet another example of Boserup's theory being closer to the truth than the others'. The UK had problems with the amount of resources at their disposal so they found a way to obtain more in the form of technical advances and inventions. This was not the only revolution that disrupted the theories of Malthus and Club of Rome, though. The agricultural revolution in 1798, created a surplus of food available to the population and therefore, the resources was not limited to the countries inhabitants, another example of Boserup's theory. The introduction of renewable energy, such as HEP, has also thrown Malthus' model, as well as Club of Rome's because it has created a resource that will not run out. This is another indicator that Boserup had the right idea that humans will think of a solution every time that resource-levels become low. All in all, both Malthus' and Club of Rome's models were much better at explaining the past than predicting the future as they do not take into account so many variables. Boserup's model, although not perfect, is a more accurate prediction of what is yet to come, as her theory that ‘nature is the mother of invention', is true, to some extent, when humans are concerned. Her model takes into account the fact that people change when their lives are under too much pressure. LEDCs are starting to develop due to the realization that if they don't, they will have serious problems.

Traditional Gender Views and the Exceptions

Gender is an factor of an individual’s being that permeates all aspects of his or her life. From the moment a person is born into the world, he or she is classified either as a female or a male. The way society treats and reacts to this person is then treated accordingly to that initial categorization. What is it then that epitomizes the masculinity and the femininity of an individual. How does American society view a feminine individual and how does this differ from how the same society views masculine individuals? Masculinity refers to a human’s personal level or degree of manliness. Chafetz (35-36) describes masculinity as being distributed over seven areas: physical, functional, sexual, emotional, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, other personal characteristics. A masculine individual is said to be virile, strong, able to provide for his family, sexually aggressive and experienced, unemotional, practical, dominating, free, demanding, and success-oriented. Thus an individual who is more able to take risks and who is better able to exhibit a sense of confidence and independence is considered to be more masculine. Physical attributes such as facial hair, toned muscles, and large body frames are also more characteristic of individuals who are considered to be masculine. Femininity, on the other hand, is directly linked by the 1996 Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language to traits   such as gentleness, kindness, and patience (708). Feminine characteristics are usually associated with nurturing and life-giving characteristics. The woman’s traditional role as a mother and wife are the most emphasized qualities of a feminine individual. Thus a female who is demure, obedient, and able to display physical attributes that are favored in the life-giving process, such as large breasts, wide hips, and full lips, is considered to be more feminine than most. Studies have shown that a man’s traditional view of a female or feminine individual is based heavily on masculine ideology, which focuses centrally on the sexual aspect of a woman’s breasts and bodies. The propagation of these masculine ideologies were even more stressed by the fact that media continues to portray females as beings whose primarily roles are focused on their sexual bodies. (Ward et al, 712) Many can see, however, that the barriers of traditional gender roles are being broken by modern American males and females. More and more females are found in the workplace, becoming the breadwinners for their family. Females are also seen engaging in extreme and traditional sports. Women’s roles in American society were seen to drastically change in the late twentieth century as a result of the new opportunities given to them (Mackey & Immerman, 271) There are also men who have opted to become the stay-at-home parents. It is has become more acceptable for men to show their emotions. And a new breed of men have come to be called metrosexuals, males who indulge in their physical appearance in the same way that was previously only attributed to feminine individuals. The breaking of stereotypes of masculinity and femininity has become rampant in the United States and this may well prove to be the beginning of the end of the reign o traditional views of masculinity and femininity in American society. Even though sex and gender are clear categorical divisions established upon birth, the long-established ramifications of being male or female and the parameters that these traditions set can be overcome. Works Cited Chafetz, Janet S. Masculine/feminine or human?:an overview of the sociology of sex roles. IL: F.E. Peacock Publishers, 1974 â€Å"Femininity† Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. 1996. Mackey, Wade, C., & Immerman, Ronald S â€Å"The fertility paradox: gender roles, fertility and cultural evolution† Mankind Quarterly 45(2005):271- Ward, Monique L., Merriwether, Ann, & Caruthers, Allison. â€Å"Breasts are for men: media, masculinity ideologies, and men’s beliefs about women’s bodies.† Sex Roles 55(2006): 703-714

Iran and Israels Nuclear Holocaust and the Gulf Cooperation Councils Position

Iran and Israels Nuclear Holocaust and the Gulf Cooperation Councils Position Introduction: Nuclear Activities Overview The policy paper targets the governments of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the United Arab Emirates in particular. The work concerns the danger of the possible nuclear activities, which can be caused by the conflict between Iran and Israel.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Iran and Israel’s Nuclear Holocaust and the Gulf Cooperation Council’s Position specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such conflict would put a serious threat to the safety of the region, the policy aims at the acceptance of nuclear deal and the development of the effective course of actions aimed at eliminating the threat of the nuclear war between the confronting states and balancing the power in the region. The Roots of the Nuclear Conflict The roots of the nuclear challenges stem from the development of reactors and uranium enrichment. The threat, which evolved in the second part of the 20th century, came from the government of Iran, which claimed nuclear weapon elaboration. The act of Iran stirred not only its neighbors, which are Israel and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council but the United States as well since the enrichment of uranium contradicted the Treaty of United Nations on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The conflict sharpened when the opposing government of the USA made an agreement with Israel, which aimed at the prevention of nuclear holocaust in Iran and the neighborhood. At this point, Iran officials developed an escalating rhetoric against Israel authority and the claim about the future war against Israel was made. The disagreement between two Eastern countries started when Iranian government took an orientation on political leadership revelation, which flew into a proxy conflict. The estimation of the military forces of the states shows the absurdity of the nuclear war. The reason for that starts in the milit ary sphere since Iran possessed approximately 3.8 million of troops while Israel has only 750,000 troops. Moreover, there are considerable population differences as well as oil production potentials, which demonstrate the weakness of Israel. Recently, the Iranian government signed an interim deal with the United States, which demonstrated that the latter might choose a direction of cooperation with Iran. Nevertheless, the countries of GCC face the need to establish effective cooperation with the Western partners to prevent the possibility of nuclear holocaust in the region (Dueck Takeyh, 2013). The united efforts promoted by such partnership can contribute to the stabilization of relations between Israel and Iran. The importance of the policy agreement may be defined if one views the consequences of the nuclear strengthening of Iran. Thus, the countries of the GCC have to take into consideration the fact that the country can become the greatest nuclear power in the Middle East (Inb ar, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A consistent enhancement of uranium enhancement can contribute to the cancelation of the non-proliferation policy. In this context, the Iranian government might realign its political regime in the direction of the authoritative state, which may destroy Israel and pose a consistent threat to the Eastern neighbors. Furthermore, the immense nuclear reserves, which may be developed by Iran, can endanger the United Arab Emirates (Eisenstadt, 2006). Therefore, it is a great challenge for the GCC to develop a consistent policy, which might both support the development of uranium potential but at the same time provide an efficient system for controlling the nuclear activities of Iran according to the non-proliferation objectives. Analysis: The Nuclear Policy Options The countries of the GCC, particularly, the United Arab Emira tes, have to embrace a consistent policy to prevent the escalation of the conflicts between Israel and Iran. Both the countries of the Middle East and their Western partners are interested in the prevention of the growth of Iran’s nuclear power. The policy, which can be developed by GCC, may take several directions. Primarily, the adopted regulation might create the basis for the effective collaboration of GCC countries with the Western partners that share the interest of decreasing the nuclear threat in the Middle East. Such direction might help to use the united power of GCC countries and Western states to prevent the development of negative scenario related to Iran and Israel’s nuclear holocaust. Such cooperative actions might not only stop the growth of Iran’s nuclear power but also help to develop better relations between the Arab and the Western coalitions. Ensuring the effective cooperation between these world powers is crucial to preventing the possibili ty of confrontation between the Western and Eastern worlds. Working on achieving the common goal might eliminate the disagreements between the partners and contribute to the safe environment of the region and the world community. Another option embraces the strategy of neutral partnership. The GCC countries might detach from participating in dealing with the nuclear conflict between Iran and Israel and promote a stable diplomacy dialogue with both sides. Such position would require GCC countries to give the right to deal with the problems related to the nuclear threat to the Middle East to the Western partners. Such course of actions appears to be rather ineffective and can contribute to the dominance of Western countries in the region. Such dominance will have numerous negative consequences since Western governments tend to pursue subjective goals in the Middle East if the countries of GCC demonstrate passivity and do not put efforts in being actively involved in controlling such k ind of activities (Amuzegar, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Iran and Israel’s Nuclear Holocaust and the Gulf Cooperation Council’s Position specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The final alternative of the course of actions include the independent activities of the governments of GCC aimed at dealing with the nuclear conflict between Iran and Israel. Such direction of actions would help the GCC countries to impose a strong control over the nuclear activities in the region without the participation of the Western partners. In such case, the GCC countries would have to accept a stable plan of sanctions, which would come into power immediately after the breakage of the rules developed by them to control the nuclear activities in the region. However, such course of actions can have various negative results as dealing with the issue of Iran’s nuclear aggression can hardly be managed without the p articipation of the world community, and the Western partners in particular. Nuclear Conflict Decision-Making Alternatives and Recommendations The major policy recommendation, which has to be applied by the GCC to the nuclear crisis in Iran, must take the alternative of peaceful cooperation with the Iranian government and the Western world. However, it is important to emphasize that the adoption of the policy should rely on the principles of non-proliferation, which regulate nuclear facilities development (James, 2000). It means that the policy should rely on the common goals of preventing nuclear threat instead of pursuing the subjective goals corresponding to the interests of a separate country. The interim deal between the United States and Iran demonstrated that the reality of nuclear development in Iran might take a disruptive course against the Eastern world. Consequently, a proactive position and partnership should become the guiding principle for the new policy. Therefore, t he governments of the GCC have to initiate negotiations with the authority of Iran about the establishment of controlling institutions in the capital of Iran, Tehran, with an aim of supervising the nuclear weapon production. Moreover, the initial stages of the policy implementation have to embrace prevention of the conflict between Iran and Israel since Iran has previously claimed that the latter is a target for Iranian nuclear destruction (Perkovich, 2003). The policy has to rely on the principles of effective cooperation between the world powers interested in dealing with Iran and Israels nuclear holocaust. Therefore, GCC countries, and the United Arab Emirates, in particular, should actively participate in dealing with such conflict together with their Western Partners.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The collaboration appears to be the key principle the policy should rely on as the neither separate participation in dealing with the conflict nor passivity and giving the initiative to the Western partners can benefit the countries of the Middle East. The effective combination of the power of both GCC and Western countries is the key to ensuring that the nuclear conflict between Iran and Israel is finished in favor of objective goals benefiting the region and the whole global community. References Amuzegar, J. (2006). Nuclear Iran: Perils and prospects. Middle East Policy, 13(2), 90-112. Dueck, C., Takeyh, R. (2013). Iran’s nuclear challenge. Political Science Quarterly, 2(1), 189-205. Eisenstadt, M. (2006). Living with a nuclear Iran? Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 41(3), 124-148. Inbar, E. (2006). The need to block a nuclear Iran. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 10(1), 85-105. James, C. (2000). Iran and Iraq as rational crisis actors: Dangers and dyn amics of survivable nuclear war. Journal of Strategic Studies, 23(1), 52-73. Perkovich, G. (2003). Dealing with Iran’s nuclear challenge. Survival, 44(2), 1-16.

Callahan chronicals essays

Callahan chronicals essays After reading the Callahan Chronicals I have come to realize that there are many things to be learned in life. This book captured my attention by trying to figure out just what it is that Spider Robinson is trying to pass on to the reader. I have come to the conclusion that the author is trying to portray real life situations with a little twist to keep the reader interested. There is a lesson to be learned from each story. Each visitor that passes through Mike Callahan's bar is teaching the people who are already there a lesson and there is In the Centipede's Dilemma I learned that apperance really dosen't matter. Dink Fogerty led the whole bar to believe that he was incapable of even throwing a dart but then he, dispite his image, used telekinesis (mind over matter) to project the darts into the dartboard with tremendus accuracy. You cannot just sleep on your opponents in real life situations. You must look beyond your opponents apparent capabilities to be a contender in any game, espically the game of life. If you don't you will surely get stepped on throughout your life. If the people at Callahan's didn't catch on to Dink's attribute then he would have walked out of that place knowing that he screwed over the entire bar. I have learned to look for things like this now and will not get decieved eaisly in my lifetime. Fogerty wasn't all that bad though, any bird that can keep their glass filled with gin all the time would be a good companion for mostly anyone. Just Dessert was a good story on how people do not like to be made a fool of. This story's focus was on practical jokers. The message I received from this writing was that people don't like practical jokers even if their motifs are just for fun. You also must be careful because that joke can turn foul and hit you right back in the face. That is exactly what happened to the men who t...

The Power of Pythons String Templates

The Power of Pythons String Templates Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language. It is easy to learn because its syntax emphasizes readability, which reduces the expense of program maintenance. Many programmers love working with Python because- without the compilation step- testing and debugging go quickly.​ Python Web Templating Templating, especially web templating, represents data in forms usually intended to be readable by  a viewer. The simplest form of a templating engine substitutes values into the template to produce the output.   Aside from the string constants and the deprecated string functions, which moved to string methods, Pythons string module also includes string templates. The template itself is a class that receives a string as its argument. The object instantiated from that class is called a template string object. Template strings were first introduced in Python 2.4. Where string formatting operators used the percentage sign for substitutions, the template object uses dollar signs. $$ is an escape sequence; it is replaced with a single $.$identifier names a substitution placeholder matching a mapping key of identifier. By default, identifier must spell a Python identifier. The first non-identifier character after the $ character terminates this placeholder specification.${identifier} is equivalent to $identifier. It is required when valid identifier characters follow the placeholder but are not part of the placeholder, such as ${noun}ification. Outside of these uses of the dollar sign, any appearance of $ causes a ValueError to be raised. The methods available through template strings are as follows: Class string. Template(template): The constructor takes a single argument, which is the template string.Substitute(mapping, **keywords): Method that substitutes the string values (mapping) for the template string values. Mapping is a dictionary-like object, and its values may be accessed as a dictionary. If the keywords argument is used, it represents placeholders. Where both mapping and keywords are used, the latter takes precedence. If a placeholder is missing from mapping or keywords, a KeyError is thrown.Safe_substitute(mapping, **keywords): Functions similarly to substitute(). However, if a placeholder is missing from mapping or keywords, the original placeholder is used by default, thus avoiding the KeyError. Also, any occurrence of $ returns a dollar sign. Template objects also have one publicly available attribute: Template is the object passed to the constructors template argument. While read-only access is not enforced, it is best not to change this attribute in your program. The sample shell session below serves to illustrate template string objects. from string import Template s Template($when, $who $action $what.) s.substitute(whenIn the summer, whoJohn, actiondrinks, whaticed tea) In the summer, John drinks iced tea. s.substitute(whenAt night, whoJean, actioneats, whatpopcorn) At night, Jean eats popcorn. s.template $when, $who $action $what. d dict(whenin the summer) Template($who $action $what $when).safe_substitute(d) $who $action $what in the summer

Exploring the changes in the consumer behavior of female consumers in Essay

Exploring the changes in the consumer behavior of female consumers in regard to online shopping of cosmetics - Essay Example Questionnaire Analysis: 12 27 3.2. Interview Analysis: 28 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 30 4.1. Conclusion: 30 4.2. Limitations and Problems: 30 4.3. Recommendations: 30 List of References 32 appendix a 35 appendix b 37 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Overview and Background: Consumer buying behaviour could be defined as an action that an individual takes in purchasing and using goods and services (Hawkins and Mothersbaugh, 2009). Consumer buying behaviour could be best defined as â€Å"the process by which individual select, purchase, use, dispose of goods and services to satisfy their needs and wants† (Neal, Quester, and Hawkins, 2004). These purchasing decisions are the most complex to understand as consumer’s attitude and behaviour varies from person to person and purchase decisions are based on these factors. Each individual has a unique buying behaviour that sets him/her apart from others. This means that some people prefer to buy instantly to satisfy their needs . Some needs time to make purchase. Some people are fun-loving due to which they prefer traditional ways. Some consider time as money and are more focused on saving their time due to which they prefer online shopping. Some individual are easily influenced by others. Some influence others. This shows that consumer behaviour radically differs from person to person. The behaviour of consumers depends on motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. An individual makes a buying decision based on these factors. Social, cultural and personal are some other factors that can influence consumer buying decisions. Social factor includes family, friends, peers, status and role in society; cultural factor includes social class, traditions and customs; personal factor depends on individual’s personality traits that change with the lifecycle. This shows that even purchasing patterns of consumers from similar occupation and background are different (Guthrie and Kim, 2009). Cosmetic products a re to meet the needs of the females. Females are mostly emotionally attached to cosmetic products and to influence them to make purchase is the aim of cosmetics industry. This anti-aging industry has helped the females to look beautiful, younger and to smell the best. The increasing trend of looking younger has increased the sales of cosmetic products as compared to earlier years. To help the consumers meet their need, retailers play an essential role (Guthrie and Kim, 2009). Retailers in this industry act as an intermediary to connect the consumers to the producers by providing the cosmetic products to the consumers. These retailers not only provide the consumers with the cosmetic products but also allow the consumers to buy popular international brands (Glamface, 2010). With a market size in billions of dollars, the cosmetics industry and its retailers are essential to provide customers the product that they require. Some of the major companies in the cosmetics industry are Procto r and Gamble, L’Oreal, Unilever, Avon etc. Proctor and Gamble is currently the market leader in the cosmetics industry with beauty sales of $21.1 billion followed by L’Oreal with beauty sales of $18.1 billion (Rodman Publishing, 2012). The top 20 beauty companies reported a sale of $155 billion which means that the industry has great potential to grow in the future (Rodman Publishing, 2012). The growth of each firm is highly dependent on the consumer buying decisions. Due to the technological advancement the companies have shifted to modern means of marketing and

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt Essay

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt - Essay Example At the same time many same sex married couples are nowadays trying to adopt children since it is impossible for them to conceive without the help from the opposite gender. Adoption is the only way for such couples to have a child. But adoption by same sex couples has raised many ethical and legal issues in the current world. Critics of same sex couple adoption argue that such adoption will deny the child the much needed care and love from either a father or a mother. On the other hand, supporters of such adoption believe that it is injustice to deny the adoption rights to same sex couples because of their natural inability to conceive. This paper briefly analyses the arguments of both the supporters and opponents of same sex couple adoption. Belge (2010) has argued that The United States has many older children and those with special needs children waiting to be adopted. It is difficult fro such children to find an artificial father or mother through adoption (Belge, 2010). Instead o f leaving such children in darkness it is better to allow same sex couples to adopt such children. If such children allow growing in pathetic conditions their physical and mental growth might not be proper. On the other hand, if the same sex couples allowed adopting such children, both the children and the adopted parents would benefit from that. Scientific studies have shown that children who grow up in one or two-parent gay or lesbian households fare just as well emotionally and socially as children whose parents are heterosexual (Belge, 2010).

Ralph Lauren Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ralph Lauren Corporation - Essay Example Today the company is operating 179full-services stores, 171 factory stores, and 281discounted based shop outlets. Different famous brands include Polo Ralph Lauren, Black Label, Purple Label, RLX Denim and sportswear for tennis, and sportswear for golf. The brands for women were also launched by Ralph Lauren; Black Label, Blue Label, RLX Lauren Ralph Lauren, and Denim & Supply for women. The brands for children include Ralph Lauren Children wears, Baby Ralph Lauren, etc.Other small-scale fashion brands include Club Monaco, Chap, and American Living. Polo Sport, Polo Denim, Ralph Lauren jeans co. and blue label were other famous brands of the company.The corporations running the restaurants under the name of RL and under the Rugby Ralph Lauren branding.Operating any company at such a big level as Ralph Lauren is a difficult task. The management head needs to be very interactive and fast thinkers. The decision-making parties must be experienced. Different marketing tools help the large r companies to make their marketing strategies successful and take their corporation to the high level of achievement. Marketing tools play important role in the strategy building process for advertisement of the brands and companies.A marketing strategy is a general promotion plot planned to encounter the wants and necessities of consumers. The idea should be founded on strong arms. A number of methods will then be engaged to make certain points that the promotion plan is efficiently and well delivered. Marketing procedures are the tackles used by the marketing section. The marketing section will set out to classify the utmostsuitable tools to achieve maximum profits and generate revenues. These marketing techniques include consumer promoting campaigns public relations, trade and, point-of-sale materials, editorial, publicity and sales literature

Hourseco- strategic Human Resource Management Essay

Hourseco- strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example n an integrated manner through building the strong contractual relationship between the manpower of the organisation and the organisational system rather than focusing on strategies itself (Walonick, 2014). The traditional organisations were mostly causal and goal orientated, where various conventional models were adopted with the aim of delegating workers with the assigned job instructions and managers were engaged in planning the organisational goals (University of North Florida, 2014; Krebs, 2007). The growing innovation in the field of technology has been recognised to influence the behaviour of individuals associated with an organisation. Globalisation and technological factors have also reformed management structure as well as management practices in accordance with the present business requirements (Ivanko, 2013; Bittner, 1986). The change in the organisational structure and management practices owing to human resource management has also altered in a significant manner. Correspondingly, in the changing environment, organisations are determined towards hiring and retaining a pool of talented and skilled human resource in order to sustain in the competitive advantage in the market. Besides, due to the changes in the environment, workforce, profitability, growth, technological changes and business are anticipated to be influenced immensely. These factors have significantly led the organisation to emphasis over the managing human resources management. Thus, in the changing scenario insufficiency in the proper management of the human resource administration and failure in the strategic integration reduces competitive advantage (Armstrong, 2006). In this regard the concept of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is a practice through which an organisation strategically manages its human resources through aligning the strategic framework with the human resource of the organisation in order to the support the long-term objectives and goals. The appro ach of

Service Facility and Process Flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Service Facility and Process Flow - Essay Example Print). The multi-stage process is described as followed: The process flow shows the pattern done at The Body Shop stores to achieve maximum service for their customers. Based from the stages above, it can be analyzed that the personal attention approach is applied (McGraw-Hill 7-18. Print). As the observer who has visited The Body Shop stores, it can be concluded that they have basic service standards. I have observed more than five of The Body Shop stores, and I got amazed that the service they provide has been impactful and great. In quiet and crowded situations, The Body Shop staffs always perform their best. Purely based on my observations, I made several guiding principles; they are: Once, I went to one of The Body Shop stores on weekend and there were many customers inside. Even though the staffs seemed about to help me soon after giving service to customers who had done shopping, I did not actually intend to have personal attention from them. On the other hand, The Body Shop visual merchandising concept helped me to find the exact location of the product that I was looking for. So, I think their visual merchandising is one of the guiding principles that totally works for customers. As a customer, what makes me interested to spend even a little time to visit The Body Shop is because of the attraction. Once every several weeks, I always find that they change their window poster. The window poster can actually be the customer`s guidance to know what is new. The window poster is also functioned as attraction to make customers to go inside and they will be welcomed by the promotional offers exactly at the first table near the entrance. Their property supports the service facility purpose to apply good guiding principle. If I visit common stores, there is a tendency to find just ordinary sales assistant who helps us to mention the price tag; while The Body Shop Staffs are totally different.

Intercultural Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intercultural Analysis Paper - Essay Example Balinese) and the American culture on grounds of marriage, language, religion and social organization among others. DISCUSSION I have been settled in America from past several years. I have visited various nations of the world and encountered with diverse cultures and ethnics. However, America has been a different experience for me. This experience of mine is largely influenced by the rich cultural heritage, values along with beliefs that hold by the people belonging to this country. In my initial days in the country, I attended a marriage of one of my close friends who belonged to the American culture. There, I had an international experience which aided me to figure out the difference of my culture with that of the American culture. In this regard, it will be vital to mention that I belong to Balinese Hinduism culture. Balinese Hinduism is regarded as a practice which is mainly associated with the people of Bali. People belonging to this culture possess several different set of bel iefs and cultures that differs drastically from that of others. As per my experience relating to cultural pattern, I observed that there lay certain drastic differences between the Balinese culture and the American in terms of marriage, language and religion among others. Marriages of an individual in my culture i.e. the Balinese culture generally take place in a very young age. ... On the other hand, I learnt from the experience that marriages in American culture take place mainly by declaring commitment towards one another in the presence of friends and families along with religious statures like priest. One of the imperative cultural patterns that I have experienced is that marriage in my culture involves more rituals as compared to that of American culture (University of San Diego, â€Å"Factors That Influence Our Views on Marriage†). Furthermore, apart from the marriage traditions, I also learnt from the experience about the drastic language differences that prevail amid the two cultures. People in my cultural group mainly speaks in their native language i.e. Balinese. However, with the aspect of modernization, people in my community also speak in English while conducting their daily activities. My language i.e. Balinese is divided into three levels on the basis of politeness that include low, medium and high Balinese. The low Balinese is usually spo ken to friends, the medium one is used for strangers and higher one is spoken to priests (The Economist, â€Å"Language of Many Levels†). Conversely, in relation to determine the cultural pattern that I have experienced, I found that the American culture has no official or native language of its own. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding regarding this aspect, I have cited a census survey conducted by the US government in the year 2000. This survey depicts that 82 percent of the people belonging to American culture speak English while conducting their daily activities. However, I was unable to identify any sort of level existing in speaking language which was present in my culture (Saint Ignatius High School, â€Å"Languages Spoken in the United

Service Facility and Process Flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Service Facility and Process Flow - Essay Example Print). The multi-stage process is described as followed: The process flow shows the pattern done at The Body Shop stores to achieve maximum service for their customers. Based from the stages above, it can be analyzed that the personal attention approach is applied (McGraw-Hill 7-18. Print). As the observer who has visited The Body Shop stores, it can be concluded that they have basic service standards. I have observed more than five of The Body Shop stores, and I got amazed that the service they provide has been impactful and great. In quiet and crowded situations, The Body Shop staffs always perform their best. Purely based on my observations, I made several guiding principles; they are: Once, I went to one of The Body Shop stores on weekend and there were many customers inside. Even though the staffs seemed about to help me soon after giving service to customers who had done shopping, I did not actually intend to have personal attention from them. On the other hand, The Body Shop visual merchandising concept helped me to find the exact location of the product that I was looking for. So, I think their visual merchandising is one of the guiding principles that totally works for customers. As a customer, what makes me interested to spend even a little time to visit The Body Shop is because of the attraction. Once every several weeks, I always find that they change their window poster. The window poster can actually be the customer`s guidance to know what is new. The window poster is also functioned as attraction to make customers to go inside and they will be welcomed by the promotional offers exactly at the first table near the entrance. Their property supports the service facility purpose to apply good guiding principle. If I visit common stores, there is a tendency to find just ordinary sales assistant who helps us to mention the price tag; while The Body Shop Staffs are totally different.

Introduce About Myself Essay Example for Free

Introduce About Myself Essay About Myself, My Hobbies – Interests and My Future Plans My name is Long. I am 25 years old. I just got married about 3 months. Now my wife and I are living with my parent, my young brother, my young sister and my gran in my parent’s house at Tan Binh district. I was born in Ho Chi Minh city, but my hometown is Quang Nam, because my parents were born in there. I have worked as import export assistant in 4 years at an Indian company. Regarding my hobbies, although I’m 25 years old, but I really like reading comics, I read it on the book, on the internet, on the magazine, and I read it anywhere, at home, at office, at coffee shop and at class. Moreover I also like playing games; it likes computer games and video games. I don’t only like playing games but also I like playing toys, some toys likes models kits of mechanics, cars, battle ships, planes†¦ In addition I like traveling also, specially, I very love sea, I like going anywhere, where has sea, and I can swim in there all day. Beside, earning lot of money is my hobbies too. In future, I want to become a successful businessman, I will open a series coffee shop, it like Gloria Jean’s Coffees, but I think I just can make it with small scale, honestly, I also like drinking coffee. Moreover I want to open a flower shop for my wife, she really love flower. In addition, I’m going to live abroad, because my father and mother in law are living in US, and they want my wife and me to live with them.

Carrying out an open-loop step response on the process trainer pt326

Carrying out an open-loop step response on the process trainer pt326 INTRODUCTION: The control systems are based up on the behaviour of the dynamics systems and it is also a branch of the engineering and mathematical model of the process. The desired output of the system is called as reference. A controller is device which observes and outcome the changes in the output that are affected by the input variables. And it is also used to operate the input variables to a system to achieve the desired result on the output of the system. It is very simple and flexible to solve using the mathematical model. In control system design, we have a concept of feedback control system. The main concept of this feedback loop is to control the system performance and it is a negative feedback because the sensed value is subtracted from the desired value to produce the error signal which is amplified by the controller. To avoid the problem of the open-loop control system, the control system initiated the feedback loop. Where as in closed loop system, the control system uses the feedba ck to control the output of the process. One of the most widely used controllers in the design of continuous data control system is the PID controller, where PID stands for the proportional plus integral and derivative control. The PID controller is mostly used in the feedback control design. The controller is used for the operation of the error signal to produce the control signal. Proportional (P) control: This is the one type of action performed and used in the PID controllers is the proportional control. It is the simplest form of continuous control system that can be used in the closed loop system. Proportional control is used to minimize the fluctuation in the process, but it does not allow to bring back to the required set point. P-only controller provides the faster response than other controllers. The system first allows the P-only controller in order to get the system a few seconds/minutes faster. The main advantage of the P-only controller is the faster response time, it produces the deviation from the set point and this deviation is called offset. Mathematical Equations: P-only controller linearly correlates the controller output (actuating signal) to the error (difference between measured signal and set point). In the mathematical form, the p-controller is given below Y(t) = Kc e(t) + b Where Y(t)= controller output Kc = controller gain e(t)= error b= bias In the above equation the controller gain and bias are constant to each controller. The controller gain is the change in the controller output per change in the controller input. Bias is simply a controller output, when the error is zero. In the PID controller, when the signals are transmitted then the controller gain relates the changes in the output voltage to the changes in the input voltage. Thus, the gain ultimately changes in the input and output properties. If the controller output changes more than the input, Kc is greater than one. If the change in the input is greater the controller output, Kc is less than one. Ideally, Kc is equal to infinity then the error will be reduced to zero. Exact equalities cannot be achieved in the control logic. In this, the error will be allowed up to certain range of the system. Integral (I) Control: This is another type of action performed in the PID controllers is the integral control. Integral control is the second form of feedback control system. It is obtained used to remove the deviations that may exit. Thus the system moves to the steady state and original settings. A positive error will cause the signal to be increase and whereas a negative error will cause the signal to be decrease the system. However, I-only controller is much slower in response time than the P-controller. Thus, the slower response time will be reduced by combining with another form such as P or PD controller. It is often used to measure the required variables to remain within a narrow range and also require a fine tuning control. Mathematical Equations I-controller correlates the controller output to the integral of error. The integral of error is taken with respect to time within a specified interval. In the mathematical form, the I-controller equation can be represented as Where C(t)= controller output Ti = integral time e(t)= error c(t0)= controller output before integration. Derivative (D) Control: This is another type of action performed in the PID controllers is the derivative control. I-control and D-control are a form of a feed forward control. D-control anticipates the process conditions by analyzing the change in error. It main function is to minimize the change in error, thus keeping the system in a consistent setting. The main benefits of the D-controller is to resist change in system, the most important of these being is oscillations. PI-controllers: PI-controller is a combination of both proportional plus integral controller. This is the feedback controller which drives the process/plant to be controlled with sum of error and also the integral of that value. In PID controllers, we have not yet used the D-controller (D=kd=0). The basic block diagram of the PI controller is shown below, The controller output for the above closed loop system is Where ÃŽ is the error of actual measured value from the desired set point. ÃŽ = SP PV. The main advantage of the PI controller; the integral terms in the PI controller causes the steady state error to be zero for a ramp input. The main disadvantes of using with the PI controller is the phase lag. This means that the phase margin decreases. Required Apparatus: The report of this experiment is carried out on the Feedback Process Trainer, PT326. The design of the control system consist of a computer ,A/D and D/A converters, and a printer used to provide the copies of the response system. The networked PCs used to obtain the system design using the nyquist simulation method employing the design and simulation program CODAS. Explanation of PT326: According to the industrial situation, the PT326 process trainer model is commonly used. This situation appears when the temperature control is required in the presence of transport delay and transfer lags. In this PT 326 process trainer, the trainer involves air that is strained from the atmosphere through a centrifugal blower and it is heated and passed over the heater through duct before it is being heated. The objective of the control is to sustain the temperature of the air at the required level. The temperature control can be achieved by varying the electrical power supplied to the heater grid. By using the bead thermistor which is placed in the flow at any three position along the duct, the air temperature may be sensed. The process trainer introduces the transport delay in the system which is located between the thermistor and heat coil. By setting the opening of the throttle, the mass flow of the air can be adjusted through the duct. The temperature sensors can be placed at any three of the position in the duct, so that these sensors can acts as a detector. The variation in the resistance of the temperature sensor is converted to the voltage variation through the bridge circui t and is available at terminal Y. The output of the temperature sensor can be used as feedback for connecting the terminal X and Y. The required temperature can be indicated by adjusting the knob label set value. In additionally, the set value can change the step by using the command throwing the switch as internal. An external referrence input can also be provided using the label as external. The difference between referrence input set value and feedback signal is availabel at terminal B and can be supplied to the heater power supply so that the gain can be adjusted by using the prportional band. To select a continuous control, the signal at A can be send directly to the heater power supply by using the switch s. The switch s can be alternatively used as on-off controller as well as it is used to select the two step control. This on-off control command reponds to the maximum heater power when on and for the zero heater power it is off. The hysterisis is an on-off controller which can be adjusted by the knob label as overlap. The maximum heater supply can be adjusted using the knob label as max heater power. The process may be seen to comprise a simple blower in which air is drawn from the atmosphere, blown past a heater grid and along a tube having a provision for several temperature to pick up. The purpose of the control system is to maintain the temperature of the air flowing in the tubeat some required set point. The output of the process is a temperature which is measured by the use f the thermistor bead transducer and bridge circuit. Procedure: In the set of experiments of the PT326 process trainer, a personal computer acts as a contoller. Three controller are going to be investigated, a) Proportional control b) Integral control c) Proportional plus integral control. The final experiment make use of the analytical control system to show how the control theory can be used to calculate the behaviour of the control system. a) Proportional control: Using the computer program go into the controller setting menu. Set the controller to be a proportional only type i.e set the kp= 0.1, ki= 0, kd= 0. On the process trainer, adjust the throttle to 25o and place the sensor in the position away from the heater. Vary the proportional gain and plot the graph of the steady state error against the proportional gain. Choose the value of gain we think for the best response and obtain the screen dump to get a copy from the printer. Finally, indicate on graph the onset of instability. b) Integral control: Using the computer program go into the controller setting menu. Set the controller to be a integral only i.e set the kp= 0, ki=0.1, kd=0. On the process trainer leave the throttle at 25o and kep the sensor in the position away from the heater. Vary the integral gain and plot a graph of steady state error against the integral gain. Choose a value of gain that gives the best response of the system and obtain the screen dump. Finally, indicate on the graph the onset of instability. c) Proportional-plus-Integral control: Using the computer program go into the controller setting menu. Set the controller to be proportional-plus-integral type i.e set the kp=0.1, ki=0.1, kd=0. On the process trainer leave the throttle at 25o, and keep the sensor in the position away from the heater. Vary the proportional and integral gains until we get the best response from the system and obtain the screen dump. d) Open-loop step response: Using the computer program PRESS o this will put the system under the open loop control. The programme will then automatically carry out an open loop step response. Obtain a screen dump for the open loop step response. From the loop step response it is possible to calculate the transfer function of the process trainer. The tranfer function has the form: Where K is the open loop D.C gain of the system and Td is the pure time delay present in the system and Tp is the time constsnt for the system. It is possible to measure these values directly from the open loop step response. The steady state error for the control system can be derived as : Steady state error = V/(1+kp k) e) After obtaining the open loop step response values like K, Tp, Td, e and R from the graph. Place the values of K,Tp and Td in MATLAB simulink. To simulate the plant only in open loop in CODAS. Compare the time response with the actual plant open-loop response. f) Introduce the controller into the simulation and in frequency domain, adjust proportional gain to give the gain margin of 2 i.e., Nyquist plot (controller plus plant, open-loop) cuts the real axis at -0.5. observe the corresponding time response(controller plus plant, closed loop in time domain). g) Following the Nyquist method (f), introduce an integral control term and observe the time response. h) Keeping the proportional plus integral control established in (g), adjust the overall gain(k) to give gain margin of 4,2,1.333,1 and 0.8 (corrresponding to the Nyquist plot cutting the real axis at -0.25, -0.5, -0.75, -1.0 and -1.25 respectively). Comparing the corresponding time responses on the same graph. i) Now,changing the overall gain back to 1 and substituting the proportional and integral gains as calculated using the (i) ziegler-Nichols and (ii) cohen and coon formulas. And comparing the time responses for the three methods (Nyquist,Ziegler-Nicholos and cohen and coon) on the same graph. j) Moving back to the industrial trainer, and substituting the PI gains that where obtained using the Nyquist method and observe the closed loop response. And finding to get fine tune PI gain to improve the performance of the system. MATLAB CODE (CODAS Program): The diagram represents the open loop step response of the system is The code for the plotting of the open loop step response of the sytem is hold on xlabel(Time) ylabel(Input (red), Output (green)) title(System response to a step input) plot(t,x,r) plot(t,y,g) grid on The code for the plotting of the closed loop step response of the system is hold on axis([0.0 10.0 -10.0 2900.0]) xlabel(Time) ylabel(Desired Output (blue), Actual Outputs) title(System responses to a step input) plot(t,x,k) plot(t,y,b) grid on The code for the nyquist process trainer in the nyquist plot for the closed loop response of the system is % Plant : Gp(s)=K*exp(-Td*s)/(1+Tp*s) % K=1.266; % DC Gain Td=0.35; % Time Delay Tp=0.729; % Time Constant % num_p=K; den_p=[Tp 1]; disp(Plant Transfer Function : ) plant_tf=tf(num_p, den_p,InputDelay,Td) % % Compensator: Gc(s)=Km*(Kp+(Ki/s)+Kd*s) = Km*(Kd*s^2+Kp*s+Ki)/s % disp(Km :) %Km=1.0 Km=2.0/(2) %Km=1.0 % Multiplier Kp=2.1397; % Proportional Gain Ki=0.857; % Integral Gain Kd=0.0; % Derivative Gain % num_c=Km*[Kd Kp Ki]; den_c=[1 0]; disp(Compensator Transfer Function : ) comp_tf=tf(num_c,den_c) % OL_tf=comp_tf*plant_tf % %Gain and Phase Margins % [Gm,Pm,Wcg,Wcp]=margin(OL_tf); disp(Gain Margin: ); Gm disp(Phase Margin: ); Pm % % Nyquist plot of OL TF for 0.2

Comparing Gertrude and Ophelia of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- compar

A Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet features two female characters in main roles, Ophelia and Gertrude. They are similar in a surprising number of ways. This essay proposes to elucidate the reader on their likeness or similarity.    It is quite obvious that both Gertrude and Ophelia are both motivated by love and a desire for quiet familial harmony among the members of their society in Elsinore. Out of love for her son does Gertrude advise:    Dear Hamlet, cast thy nighted color off, And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not for ever with thy vailed lids Seek for thy noble father in the dust. (1.2)    Likewise does she ask that the prince remain with the family: â€Å"Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet, / I pray thee stay with us, go not to Wittenberg.† Later, when the hero’s supposed â€Å"madness† is the big concern, Gertrude lovingly sides with her husband in the analysis of her son’s condition: â€Å"I doubt it is no other but the main, / His father’s death and our o’erhasty marriage.† She confides her family-supporting thoughts to Ophelia: â€Å"And for your part, Ophelia, I do wish / That your good beauties be the happy cause / Of Hamlet’s wildness,† thereby attempting to keep a loving relationship with the young lady of the court, even though the latter is of a lower social stratum. When Claudius requests of Gertrude, â€Å"Sweet Gertrude, leave us too; / For we have closely sent for Hamlet hither,† Gertrude responds submissively, â€Å"I shall obey you.†    Familial love is first among Gertrude’s priorities. When, at the presentation of The Mousetrap, she makes a request of her son, â€Å"Come hither, my dear Hamlet, sit by me,† and he... ...ossary of Literary Terms. 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.    Boklund, Gunnar. â€Å"Hamlet.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Burton, Philip. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Sole Voice. New York: The Dial Press, 1970. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/burton-hamlet.htm    Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Lectures and Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets. London : George Bell and Sons, 1904. p. 342-368. http://ds.dial.pipex.com/thomas_larque/ham1-col.htm    Kermode, Frank. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.      

The Wisdom of Frost Exposed in The Oven Bird Essays -- Oven Bird Essay

The Wisdom of Frost Exposed in The Oven Bird  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         These seemingly negligible birds, symbols of the lyric voice, have intuited the Oven Bird's lesson and are the signs by which one is meant to divine Frost's acceptance of the linguistic implications of the fall from innocence. The Oven Bird, who watching "That other fall we name the fall" come to cover the world with dust, "Knows in singing not to sing." Instead, "The question that he frames in all but words / Is what to make of a diminished thing." The fall, in necessitating both birth and death, imposes a continuum of identity that compromises naming. The process toward death, begun with birth, transmutes and gradually diminishes form, thus adding to the equation - words are things before they become words and things again when they do - an element of inevitable, perpetual senescence. The birds of "A Winter Eden" say "which buds are leaf and which are bloom," but the names are always premature or too late: gold goes to green, dawn to day, everything rises and falls and is tran sformed. Thus the Oven Bird says, "Midsummer is to spring as one to ten," because a season - this or any other - may only be codified analogously. "Fall" takes on a series of identities: petal fall, the fall season, the first and fortunate fall, each of which bears, at the moment of articulation, the burden of a whole complex of moral, aesthetic, and literary valuations. This bird is a "midsummer and a midwood bird" that sees things at the moment of capitulation to the imperatives of fall. Loud, he predicts the inevitable, and his "language" reflects the potential meaninglessness of a world in which one is forced to define a thing by what it departs from or approaches rather than what it "is." To... ... ice are, after all, the inextricable complementarities of one apocalyptic vision: that endlessly regenerative cycle of desire and (self) hatred that necessarily brings the productive poet to scourge his own voice as he mocks both the poetic vocation and the state to which poetry - and if poetry then all language - has come. Frost anticipates modernism's lament and, it may be said, prefigures in his dualism its dubious palliative of self-referential irony. The lyric birds and the weary speakers tell us the genuine Frostian wisdom of achieving a commonsensical accommodation with the fallen world, while inciting at another, and ineffable, level a profound disquiet.    Works Cited Robert Frost and a Poetic of Appetite. Cambridge University Press. 1994 "Robert Frost" in The Columbia History of American Poetry. Ed. Jay Parini. Columbia University Press. 1997

Compaction of Concrete

Consolidation of plastic concrete is termed as compaction. In the process of compaction, efforts are only directed to reduce the voids in the compacted concrete. Compaction of concrete can be done either manually or mechanically. When it is done manually it is called hand compaction or tamping, and in second case it is termed as machine compaction. ?Hand compaction: Hand compaction is done with the help of steel tamping rods, or timber screeds. Marrow and deep members are compacted with tamping rods. Thin slabs and floors are tamped with the help of screeds.Compaction should be done in layers of 30 cm for mass concrete and 15 cm for reinforced concrete. Companction should be carried out for such a time that a layer of mortar starts appearing at the compacted surface. Excessive compaction and under compaction both are harmful for concrete. Due to excessive compaction, C. A. particles sink to the bottom and cement and F. A. mortar appears at the top. This makes concrete structure heter ogeneous, and hence affects strength. This method of curing is adopted in the case of precast members.It has been noticed that by keeping the wet conditions, if temperature is increased, the rate of increase of strength also increases. This enables concrete to acquire its full strength within short period and hence, curing is also finished within short period. ?Machine compaction: Machine or mechanical compaction of concrete is done with the help of vibrators. Vibrators produce vibrations which when transmitted to plastic concrete make it to flow and affect compaction. The air bubbles are forced out of concrete due to vibrations. Over vibration should not be allowed, otherwise C.A. particles will concentrate at the lower layers and mortar will come to the surface. There are three types of vibrators in most common use: †¢Internal vibrator: This vibrator is also known as immersion, poker, or needle vibrator. It consists of a power unit and a long flexible tube at the end of which a vibrating head is attached. This vibrator develops about 7000 vibrations per minute. Wherever, compaction is to be done, the vibrating head is inserted in the concrete. This vibrator is very useful for compaction of mass concrete. †¢Form vibrator: This vibrator is clamped to he form-work and imparts vibrations to the concrete through form-work. This vibrator is used only if the use of internal vibrator is not practicable as in the case of thin and congested situations. It is also called external vibrator. †¢Surface vibrator: It is also named as screed or pan vibrator. It is clamped to the screed, it Imparts vibration to the concrete from the surface when screeding operation of the concrete is carried out. It is effective only for depths of about 20 cm and hence useful for thin horizontal surface such as pavements. Compaction of Concrete Consolidation of plastic concrete is termed as compaction. In the process of compaction, efforts are only directed to reduce the voids in the compacted concrete. Compaction of concrete can be done either manually or mechanically. When it is done manually it is called hand compaction or tamping, and in second case it is termed as machine compaction. ?Hand compaction: Hand compaction is done with the help of steel tamping rods, or timber screeds. Marrow and deep members are compacted with tamping rods. Thin slabs and floors are tamped with the help of screeds.Compaction should be done in layers of 30 cm for mass concrete and 15 cm for reinforced concrete. Companction should be carried out for such a time that a layer of mortar starts appearing at the compacted surface. Excessive compaction and under compaction both are harmful for concrete. Due to excessive compaction, C. A. particles sink to the bottom and cement and F. A. mortar appears at the top. This makes concrete structure heter ogeneous, and hence affects strength. This method of curing is adopted in the case of precast members.It has been noticed that by keeping the wet conditions, if temperature is increased, the rate of increase of strength also increases. This enables concrete to acquire its full strength within short period and hence, curing is also finished within short period. ?Machine compaction: Machine or mechanical compaction of concrete is done with the help of vibrators. Vibrators produce vibrations which when transmitted to plastic concrete make it to flow and affect compaction. The air bubbles are forced out of concrete due to vibrations. Over vibration should not be allowed, otherwise C.A. particles will concentrate at the lower layers and mortar will come to the surface. There are three types of vibrators in most common use: †¢Internal vibrator: This vibrator is also known as immersion, poker, or needle vibrator. It consists of a power unit and a long flexible tube at the end of which a vibrating head is attached. This vibrator develops about 7000 vibrations per minute. Wherever, compaction is to be done, the vibrating head is inserted in the concrete. This vibrator is very useful for compaction of mass concrete. †¢Form vibrator: This vibrator is clamped to he form-work and imparts vibrations to the concrete through form-work. This vibrator is used only if the use of internal vibrator is not practicable as in the case of thin and congested situations. It is also called external vibrator. †¢Surface vibrator: It is also named as screed or pan vibrator. It is clamped to the screed, it Imparts vibration to the concrete from the surface when screeding operation of the concrete is carried out. It is effective only for depths of about 20 cm and hence useful for thin horizontal surface such as pavements.

How Can Respect Make Me A Better Student Essay

Students and teachers agree that there is often a lack of respect between teachers and students, students and students, and teachers, students, and parents. Students report that respect in the classroom is vital for the success of each student. They say teachers need to be respected by the students in order to effectively teach and students need to be respected by their teachers in order to learn. Respect being an important character trait, is most graciously valued. We all value respect, as to if there wasn’t respect, society would be an ugly place. However, how can respect make a better student? Part of being respectful is to be courteous and kind. For students, examples could be waiting your turn to speak or not cheating. During school, I try my best to show how respectful I can be by respecting not only my teachers, but most importantly, my peers. First of all, in order to be a respectful student, you have to respect the teacher teaching you. Most teachers have gone through a long process of learning themselves in order to be up there at the front of the room teaching you. The best thing you could do in return could be to respect them and their time. Every day, there’s a portion of time you have with every teacher. Of course, they would hate for you to waste their time. Not only are you jeopardizing your own opportunity to learn, but you’re also jeopardizing your peers’ opportunities by being a distraction. Interrupting class time is highly disrespectful. The reason why you’re in a teacher’s class is to basically learn. If you decide to disrupt their class, you’re also disrupting the bond of respect that the teacher has towards you. Just think, how are you supposed to properly get an education if the teacher does not respect you? Second of all, another example of being respectful is respecting your peers. It’s clearly disrespectful for you to put them down, call them names, and discourage them. I’m sure you would like for them to respect you. If you give a certain respect, it’s automatic for them to respect you back. If we all respected each other, the school environment would be much more peaceful. For example, in the movie we watched in class, the leader of a  committee had trouble with the people she was with because they weren’t being respectful of each other’s ideas for an event the school was planning. She stated that the people in her committee wouldn’t give others the chance to speak; when they actually did get something across each other’s minds, someone would discourage their idea. With help from a radio station, she realized that if they didn’t respect each other’s ideas and wait their turn to speak, nothing would get done. She then said that at the beginning of the next meeting, she would make it clear that the â€Å"golden rule† would be intact. In class, being a respectful person toward a peer could be as simple as not cheating. You have to respect the fact that that person did their work, and should be honored for that. Outside of class, an example of a respectful student could be if you’re walking down the hall and you bump into someone you particularly don’t know too well, you would say â€Å"excuse me† as a sign of respect towards them. If you’re a respectful person inside and outside of school, I’m pretty sure you’d have a ton of friends and a lot of people lining up wanting to be your friend. Not only that, but being a respectful person gives off a great impression towards teachers. Lastly, another important concept of being respectable is having respect for yourself. If people see that you don’t have respect for yourself, how are they supposed to give you respect? Yes, you might respect them, but if you look at the situation thoroughly, they can’t possibly respect you knowing that you lack self-respect. The first step into gaining other people’s respect is to basically have respect for yourself. When others notice that, theyâ€℠¢ll most definitely have no trouble in respecting you. Once you have self-respect, you have the ability to gain others’ respect as well. In conclusion, the question: â€Å"How can respect make me a better student?† made me think of a myriad of real situations dealing with respect. Not only do you need to respect your elders, teachers, and other students, but you most importantly need to respect yourself. After thinking about that, I have concluded that being a respected student will take you places. How can you move on in life if you’re not respected? Respect is a precious value. One can gain and lose respect in a blink of an eye, or in a simple snap of fingers- easy as that. Being on top of your work, kind and courteous to everyone, and having a good attitude at most times will have teachers thinking of you as a respected student. In addition, having teachers’  respect is very blessing and most likely, a student would be entirely grateful.

Political Crisis

The recent political crisis in Mali has something to do with the Tuareg people that live in this region and the general religion of the region. The Tuareg people are nomadic farmers. North Africa is primarily Muslim and is heavily influenced by what happens in the Muslim world. Muslim rebel groups like the Ansar Dine seek a nation that abides by Islamic Law. Others like the Islamic Movement for Azawad seek an independent state in Northern Mali and acknowledgement of that state by the world. Mali, like most of North Africa seeks an Islamic government.The NMLA (the National Movement for Liberation of Azawad) is a Tuareg lead group that is fighting for the rights of the nomadic Tuareg people. Mali’s government has never really had much power. In 1979 when the constitution was established Mali still remained under the heavy military control. Then when Mali was a democratic government citizens question the government’s legitimacy when president Toure won in a landslide elect ion in 2002. In 2012 Captain Amadou Sanogo lead a military that ousted president Toure. Also the government has had trouble dealing with rebel groups in the north.Rebel groups like the Ansar Dine and Mujao have taken control of many cities in North Mali. These rebel groups are growing stronger in the passing months, and the government has not been able to stop it. The citizens have had little say in Mali, there was a brief period from 1991 tot the present where the citizens have had a say in the government, the Malian government for the most part has been an authoritarian government. Civilian protest has had little effect on the government in place. The only groups that have been able to make any change are the extremist rebel groups that have taken control of the north.The Mali army is ill equipped to fight this rebel threat. Under president Amadou Toure, the government put their money and resources into fight the MNLA and had ignored the Islamic groups. This allowed the Islamic re bel groups to grow more powerful. Many of the rebels are veterans from Libyan revolution this past year, bringing expertise and powerful weapons into the fray the Captain Sanogo in 2012 promised to fight the Islamic rebels, but the ill-equipped under funded Mali army was no match for the rebel extremists and lost even more control of the North.There are people that have been victims of rebel attacks, some need medical attention, but the government is doing nothing to aid them. The penetration of government policy and laws to the local levels of government has been quite ineffective. Northern Mali is under heavy Islamic control and some parts have been known to follow Sharia law and other Islamic laws. There is a strict dress code on how women should dress.The National government has virtually no power in northern Mali. Mali is a once democratic nation under military influence. The nation is fighting strong resistance from their Mulism and Tuareg communities. It’s government i s losing control of the situation and has virtually lost it’s northern half to extremists. Mali’s government has problems distributing goods to its citizens. The Mali government will need international assistance to combat the resistance in the North.

General Characteristics of the Public Housing in the U.S. Market Term Paper

General Characteristics of the Public Housing in the U.S. Market - Term Paper Example In the United States and Canada [9], public housing is usually a ‘block of purpose-built housing operated by a government agency, often simply referred to as "projects"’ The history of the specific sector is formulated under the influence of a series of events and governmental decisions that seek to intervene in the private initiatives regarding the formulation and the operation of housing associations designed especially for the needs of the public. In this context [9] ‘in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, government involvement in housing for the poor was chiefly in the area of requiring new buildings to meet certain standards - like having airshafts - for decent livability; most housing communities were developed from the 1930s onward and initial public housing was largely slum regeneration, with no nationwide expansion of public housing; public housing was only built with the blessing of the local government, and projects were almost never built on suburban greenfields, but through regeneration of older neighborhoods; the destruction of tenements and eviction of their low-income residents consistently created problems in nearby neighborhoods with "soft" real estate markets’. As for the modern era [9], many of the above-described projects have been ‘torn down, renovated or replaced after criticism that the concentration of poverty in economically depressed areas, inadequate management of the buildings, and government indifference have contributed to the increased crime. U.S. public housing continues to have a reputation for violence, drug use, and prostitution, leading to the passage, in 1996, of a federal "one strike you're out" law, calling for the eviction of tenants convicted of crimes, especially drug-related; in reaction to the problems surrounding public housing, the US Congress passed legislation enacting the Section 8 Housing Program in 1974, which Richard Nixon signed into law, to encourage the private sector to construct affordable homes; this kind of housing assistance assists poor tenants by giving a monthly subsidy to their landlords’.

Hospitality marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hospitality marketing - Essay Example There are different strategies that hotels can utilize to position the firm so that the business can thrive and become profitable. A way for hotels to optimize their usage is by offering lower prices for its idle rooms during weak visiting seasons. This can be achieved by using an online strategy that matches the customer desire price with the offerings of the hotel. The use of various marketing channels such as the written press, online ads, and cellular advertising can help companies ensure that customers visit the facilities of the hotel. Online advertising has become the hottest and most cost effective advertising strategy marketers are using today. To strengthen a company’s position the brand of the firm must be well recognized by the general public. The use of online advertising is a very effective way to get the word out about the services the company offers. It is imperative for companies to have professional websites that have lots of pictures of the hotel, provides the firm’s prices, and enables users to make sales and reservations online. In the United States e-commerce sales are expect ed to reach $269.8 billion by 2015 (Plunkettresearchonline). Companies in the hospitality industry must position its services to take advantage of holidays and special events. The use of cellular advertising can be use to let the local customers know of a special sale event such as half price rooms during Valentine’s Day. Keeping a database of the addresses and phone numbers of customers can be very beneficial in the marketing efforts of the company Based on Pareto’s rule 80% of firm’s business comes from 20% of its customers. Achieving a higher customer retention rate in the hospitality industry is critical to its success. Another way to improve the positioning of a hotel is by having superb customer service and food services. The quality of the food of the restaurant of the hotel must be

Psychology can help us understand ourselves and others. Discuss with Essay

Psychology can help us understand ourselves and others. Discuss with reference to two of four main topics. a] personality, b] Intelligence, c] emotions, d] cognition - Essay Example Cognition is the process or act of knowing and able to make some judgment about it. It is very broad which include a complicated mental process encompassing functions like perception, memory, learning, and problem solving. Cognition includes more than few elements or processes which all work to describe the manner by which knowledge is built up and also how judgments of people are made. The elements related to these processes are: perceiving, recognizing, reasoning, problem solving, conceptualizing, learning, memory, and language (Scienceclarified, 2008). The individual’s ability to comprehend or the cognition ability is necessary for a scientific understanding what human behavior is all about. According to the investigations of various experts, mental processes like association, recall process, and understanding about language are based on the physical relations or interactions of people with their environment, instead of the body which supports the mind; it is basically viewing the body as a support system for a mind. Cognitive structures advance from perception and action like a software (Turing, 1950) which can run on different hardware systems. Human mind can manipulate abstract symbols based on the interactions of people around via his sensory organs as well as greatly coordinated effectors. Wilson (2002) has six various claims about cognition: 1) cognition is situated; 2) cognition is time pressured; 3) cognition is off-loaded onto the environment; 4) the environment is a component of the cognitive system; 5) cognition is for action; 6) an offline cognition is body based. He further emphasized that, sensorimotor functions which evolved for action as well as perception have been preferred for the application of offline cognition. Therefore, it is logical to say that, cognition is based on the functions of human body and interdependent with the environment. Some current experiments have demonstrated that perceptual as well as motor

EliteClean International Logistics Strategies Essay

EliteClean International Logistics Strategies - Essay Example These techniques are used to detect areas of non-value adding processes otherwise defined as waste so that the necessary steps can be taken to eliminate them. One of these techniques is value stream mapping. Value stream mapping According to Mangier (2003) value stream mapping is a technique of creating a â€Å"one-page picture† of all the processes that take place in a company. This is the process from the time a customer places an order for a product until the customer has received the product at their location. The aim of value stream mapping is to illustrate the flow of material and information across and throughout all the processes that add value from the stage of production to shipment to the customer. Value stream maps documents both value-adding and non-value-adding processes from production to shipment. In creating the value stream map business and manufacturing waste can be easily identified and thus becomes the basis on which improvements can be made to the company ’s operations. Mangier (2003) indicates that there are four steps involved in value stream mapping. They are i. Defining the product or product family; ii. Creating the â€Å"current state† value stream mapping (CSV); iii. ...   The dishwasher line is manufactured in South Korea; the laundry product line in China; and the range cookers in Thailand. The value stream map for EliteClean is shown below. Figure 1 – Current State Value Stream Map In Figure 1 above a number of activities leading to the production of items are duplicated. There are several persons carrying out procurement activities. Instead of the head office obtaining information on materials required for production, the factories are allowed to do their own procurement. This procurement is carried out by the factory manager in the case of laundry and the chief production engineer who may delegate it to a production manager at the other factories. There are several trucks of raw material going to the three different factories. Some of these trucks carry similar items which are purchased separately by the three different factories. Elite Clean has employed a push-based supply chain strategy. The factories which are located in South Korea , China and Thailand produce items without any knowledge of demand and ship them to the regional distribution centers (RDCs). These distribution centers are located in Birmingham in the UK, Jordan in the Middle East and Chicago in the USA. There is a capacity problem at the RDCs due to the fact that there are too many inventory items in stores. There is some concern that some of these items may become obsolete. There is a cost involved in holding inventory. Additionally, when the storage facilities are too packed there will be a problem moving out inventory on a first-in-first-out basis. Items are not transported to the distribution centers based on demand.

How did the Rolling Stones influence the music Article

How did the Rolling Stones influence the music - Article Example ere on their way to conquer the rock and roll world, at the same time, bands and artists like â€Å"The Beatles, Pink Floyd, Bryan Adams, Led Zeppelin† (Rej &Wyman, 2006) were establishing their names in various other genres of the music world. However, none of them contributed to the extent to which rolling stones did to music. No body dared to, and if dared then was not able to surpass rolling stones when they were on their peaks. With the release of their first album, they were on the top. With every song, the message that they gave was clear enough that â€Å"we are here to stay and to rule forever† (Rej &Wyman, 2006). The influence of Rolling Stones was so strong that all the upcoming bands and artists and had no choice but follow their footsteps. This influence was evident in the style and music of â€Å"Aerosmith, Guns & Roses, My Chemical Romance, Foo fighters, Flamin Groovies† (Rej &Wyman, 2006), and various others. Even if you open up a dictionary and search for the word â€Å"rock and roll band,† the dictionary would show you a picture of Rolling stones dancing and hopping on a stage. One can even conclude that it was rolling stones who a new life and a new definition to rock music. Moreover, it was with after various news of drug usage of rolling stones that many rock bands and artists involved themselves into heroin addiction because they thought that this is some formula for success since the rock and roll gurus are doing it. In addition, there world was restricted only to rock and roll music however they also left considerable influences on genres like blues, R&B and hip h op. It is also difficult to deny the influence of rolling stone son other bands because of the fact that since 1960’s they have been the most happening band from the United Kingdom. Moreover, no other band of that time has been able to make so many fans, sell as much albums, or perform worldwide so frequently (Wyman & Havers, 2003). Therefore, quite understandably, their influence

Lean On Me Essay Example for Free

Lean On Me Essay Sometimes it can be difficult to know for certain when you have been victimized and it can be even more difficult to understand why, who, and exactly how you have been victimized. Obviously in cases of bullying, or violence, or rape, the victimization is very obvious, but a film like Lean On Me causes the viewer to question whether or not victims can sometimes go unnoticed. One example that is subtle, but present in the film, is the idea that all of the kids in East Side High School are victims of a larger social and political world that they probably could not fathom even if they had a chance to view it in its entirety. The social class-systems and economic distribution in America, the idea of free markets and of haves and have nots is at the bottom of their difficult and crime-infested existence. The great irony of the movie is, of course, that only by getting an education can the kids at the high school escape their dismal lives and earn something better, but the very decadence and violence of the schools has created an atmosphere where learning is impossible. Everyone, including myself, has probably experienced at least one obstacle, if not many more, to receiving their right to an education. In my own case, I have been victimized not only by school bullies, but by negligent or outright hostile teachers. In one case, I remember having been given a C- on an assignment in Math where the teacher had incorrectly marked many of my answers. The assignment deserved a B but when I asked for the teacher to take another look at the assignment, I was told to accept the grade I had been given, period. That is a kind of victimization which is very slight compared to the vents portrayed in the movie Lean on Me,but it is an example of how sometimes victimization can go unnoticed. People that I have known have experienced much more extreme victimization, whether it be a female friend who is in an abusive relationship, or a close friend of mine whose own family continuously criticizes him while relying on him to run errands and help with financial obligations. Victimization seems to follow a pattern where one person or group of persons takes advantage of someone whom they perceive to be weaker, or of lesser consequence than themselves. If you are a victim, that probably means that the person or group who is victimizing you has decided that you are of lesser power and importance than they are themselves. While it is a common belief that victims are the innocent party, it is entirely possible for somebody to be a victim while at the same time victimizing others. One good illustration from Lean on Me is the school drug-dealers whoa re making victims out of the people they deal drugs to, but they are also victims themselves of the same social injustices and social inequalities that plague the others. Because you are most likely to be noticed first as a perpetrator of crime than as a victim in most cases, this kind of victimization goes unnoticed. Many forms of victimization rest on the fact that the victims are usually not regarded at large as being valuable or desirable. In many cases they also view themselves this way: as of little or no importance. The best remedy I can think of for victimization is self-empowerment. That doesnt mean violence, but it does mean that because victimization implies that one is viewed as being weaker or of lesser value the natural response to remedy victimization would be the demonstration that either or both of these assumptions are false. In the case that I related about my own math grade, the proper response would have been to seek out whatever official protocol the school offered to challenge an illigitimate grade and maybe through this means I could have had the grade changed, which, in turn would have demonstrated to the teacher that I was not of lesser consequence than the teacher themself. In the case of Lean On Me, of course, the sense of self-empowerment came through learning adn self-discipline, which is the very best method to address victimization and prevent future victimization.